Welcome, Steve. If you'll go to the UserCP above, find Edit Signature and enter that first name it'll appear automatically in each post for us to remember.
'Fraid I'd like to know more about your joist structure before I'd pronounce your subflooring adequate. A fella can meet the joist deflection requirements with 24"oc spacing, for example.
The problem with your underlayment for the vinyl is that it's probably Luan or similar faux mahogany plywood and not suitable for a tile installation. It's ranked with MDF and particle board in that respect. It's soft, not assembled with exterior glue, not stable when exposed to moisture, etc. Not what you want anywhere in your tile installation.
You'll just hafta try to get it off there any way you can. Large prybars and roofing shovels and such may help. If it's glued, your option is to remove the entire subfloor down to the joists and start over.
So try to take some of it up and see how it goes. Sometimes it's relatively easy, sometimes it's impossible without serious damage to the subflooring.
Then we'll talk more.
My opinion; worth price charged.